Zion Methodist Church, Spotsylvania, Va. May 4- May 21, 1864

were  used by both the Confederates and the Union soldiers as hospitals and headquarters during the Civil War. During Grant’s overland campaign of 1864 the bloodiest battle leading up to Petersburg was at Spotsylvania Court House, Va. Located at the southern edge of the courthouse district is the Zion Methodist Church constructed  in 1859.  

was commissioned as A.P Hill headquarters, then it was used as a field hospital. But General Lee frequently met with staff here and the major counter- attack on the Union army was initiated from the church  grounds. Eventually all of the pews were moved outside to provide space for the wounded men. Their blood still remains on the back sides of some of the pews. General Lee did sleep in the church probably during one or more of the very rainy nights later in the battle. Because of the intense Confederate activity surrounding the church, the Union army shot out all of the windows and did major damage  to the brick work with artillery shells. 

was  from a small unworthy piece of Virginia pine that had been used at a location in the balcony. The holes in the pen were made by the square nails that held the wood in place. The church still functions today and Mr. Dennis Gallahan arranged to find the piece of wood and is a member  of the congregation. The original pews are still in use today. 

on Mulberry Hill in 1855 and built a grand house which was completed on  the eve of the Civil war. It was one of the most fashionable houses in  the Fredericksburg, Va., area and had all of the amenities including running water, grand views of the Rappahannock river and an air of wealth and elegance. Thus, it was no surprise that several Union generals used the Phillips house as headquarters during its 10 month occupation of Fredericksburg. In addition, camps,  hospitals and even T. Lowe’s balloon operation of the Union army would take up residence on these lands.  

established his army operations just 4 days before the battle of  Fredericksburg and planned his attacks of Dec 13, 1862.  It was here for the first time that the telegraph directly served to  transmit orders to the front lines directly from headquarters. By mid- February 1863, Union soldiers attempting to light a fire  in a stove accidentally set the entire house ablaze. The only known photo of the Phillips house before the fire is shown here. 

of the Phillips House is the site used by Thaddeus Lowe to launch observatory balloons during the winter of  1862-63. The circular wind break dug into the hillside is still plainly visible. Today, this site is in the midst of a subdivision–on private property. Just 240 yards from the site of the Phillips house, and about 400 yards from the site of the Thaddeus Lowe balloon launch sits a pin oak that measured 6’  5” at the trunk. This remarkable tree witnessed all of the events of the Civil War in this area in 1862-1863. Mr. Dennis Gallahan of Spotsylvania, Va., found this tree and contributed to this website. The pen made from wood of this tree is also shown. 

the Union’s plan was to move troops up the Tennessee River and then  disembark at the Pittsburg landing. Ultimately, to  move troops overland further south to seize the crossroads of two major  railroads at Corinth, MS. The plan was met with fierce resistance by  the Confederacy. The human toll being the greatest of any war on the  American continent up to that date. General Grant  led the 60,000 Union troops and General Johnston led the 45,000  Confederates into battle. 

the  unsuspecting Union army was attacked. Sherman and his troops occupied the Shiloh Church area and he used it as his headquarters. Just 0.5 mile north of the church, and through  open fields, sat 3 cabins of the Howell family which appear on the Historical Base Map of the Shiloh Military Park. These homes were  constructed in a manner very much like that of the Manse George Home that now graces an area of the Park (Pictured Here). After the war the Shiloh church itself was virtually dismantled by relic seekers. Both the church and the homes witnessed the two day horror of  the battle of Shiloh. 

was  completely destroyed by collectors and decay, Mr. Larry Deberry and his  family, descendants of the Howell family, managed to collect and store  several of the large trimmed white pine logs that made up a portion of the outer walls of one of the cabins. The wood has been ravaged by insects, weather, fungal invasion, nails and even a few bullet holes which is reflected by the uneven, discolored and abnormal appearance of the pen.  

and was the largest columnar based house in Mississippi. After overseeing construction of the $175,000 structure for  2 years, Smith Coffee Daniel ll (age 34) died of either malaria or yellow fever just a few weeks after it was completed. 

During Grant’s campaign in 1863 in his attempts to take Vicksburg there were many failures including his idea to land troops at Grand Gulf about 10 miles up - river from Windsor. From there he successfully moved down river to Bruinsburg landing where some 17,000 Union soldiers were ashore and marched right past the Windsor mansion. It turns out that many of these men would ultimately find their way back to Windsor as it was used as a Union hospital. There is no known photo of Windsor. The sketch was made by a Union soldier who was there.

as the Union soldiers encountered Confederate soldiers in the craggy,  overgrown tangle around Port Gibson shortly after midnight. After a brief lull, the battle roared to life once more at dawn. Confederate Gen. Edward Tracy was killed while directing the defense of the right flank from McPherson's attacks. The battle continued for most of the day as successive Confederate lines buckled under the weight of the Union advance.  A counterattack was repulsed in the late afternoon and the Southerners were forced from the field.  The Battle of Port Gibson firmly secured a Union beachhead east of the Mississippi River and enabled Grant to push east unopposed toward Jackson and ultimately to Vicksburg. 

was sealed on Feb 17, 1890 when it was engulfed in flames and Ms Catherine Daniell was found helplessly beneath an Oak tree at a safe distance. The house and all of its contents was reduced to ashes except for the columns that still stand. It is one of the most heavily visited tourist sites in Mississippi. 

The oak tree under which Catherine stood is most likely the one shown here. It is an old live oak whose age far surpasses that of 156 years since the days of its construction and the ravages of  the Civil War. The pen was constructed from a dead limb taken from this tree. 

there were many skirmishes and several battles in his route from Chattanooga, Tn., south through Georgia. Certainly, the greatest barrier to Atlanta was 8-10 mile battle line made by the Confederates that covered the entire length of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia. Sherman thought that the line was too thin to serve as a barrier but he was grossly mistaken. It turned out to be the largest frontal assault made by the Union army during the campaign and he was repulsed at each site of attack. Ultimately, the battle was considered a Confederate  victory, but Johnston’s army retreated to Atlanta. 

the Wallis house was built and at the time of the battle was just about a mile from the battle line. Union General O. O.  Howard made his headquarters here, but at one point it was a Confederate hospital. Furthermore, at the battle of Kolb’s farm, General Sherman was at this house. The home site is being sought after by the NPS for inclusion within the Kennesaw Battlefield Park..

but the old walnuts, and oaks still grace  its landscape. The oldest witness tree, a huge White Oak probably died 20-30 years ago. Only its massive stump still remains as seen in the photo along with Mr. JR Gee my brother-in law who has helped acquire many of the wood samples in multiple locations for this entire pen project. 

was a man of great integrity and honor. He served so valiantly in the Mexican War, and as Commandant of West Point that at the outset of the Civil War he was asked by Lincoln’s administration to be the leader of the Union Army. After a short time of personal thought and reflection, he demurred. He could not bear the thought of raising arms to his family or to his native state, Virginia. His home was a plantation within a stone’s throw of Washington, D.C. 

began construction in the early 1800s by George Washington Parke Custis, the grandson of Martha Washington. The estate passed to Mary Anna, his daughter, who married – Robert E. Lee.  By mid -1861, Federal troops occupied the plantation and by 1864, Quartermaster General Meigs ordered that that property be made into a National Cemetery following the huge loss of Union troops at the Battle of the Wilderness. Few people realize that this, most famous of all US National cemeteries in this country, was originally General Lee’s plantation.  

is home to an extremely diverse and significant collection of trees and landscapes. The more than 8,600 trees are comprised of 300 varieties and species. Some of the cemetery’s oldest trees pre-date the first burials and are nearly 250 years old. Other memorial trees in Arlington represent specific military groups, such as a red maple in  section 27 that remembers U.S. colored troops and freed slaves during Civil War times. A large limb of this tree fell and a section of it was picked up by Mark Turcotte of Imperial Pen work in Kathleen Georgia. He traded it for some piece of my tropical wood collection in early 2016.  

turn out to be some of the most interesting aspects of the Civil War, one must pause and consider what brought on the war in the first place. Volumes have been written on the divisive politics leading up to the war. The main conflict were the issues of the Southern States wishing to preserve a life style, economy, and the perceived rights of their states and this  was at odds with the ideas of the Northern States. One of the main political players in this drama was Mr. James Mason of  Virginia, Then U.S. Senator J.M. Mason is known for his reading of the final speech of then dying J.C Calhoun on March 4, 1850. The speech warned of disunion and dire consequences if the North did not guarantee the South permanent equal representation in Congress. Complaining of personal liberty laws  that "Although the loss of property is felt, the loss of honor is felt still more." 

from the U.S. Senate for his support of the Confederacy. He was one of the two Confederate envoys to England in Nov., 1861 on the RMS Trent which was stopped by the USS Jacinto which precipitated the “Trent Affair.” It is to be noted that there were many political players in the controversy both North and South and Mason was only one of them. Mason’s home in Winchester was one of the first buildings to be destroyed by Union troops, undoubtedly because of his authorship  of the fugitive slave act. Ms. Cornelia McDonald’s diary refers  to this incident – “They have begun to tear down Mr. Mason’s house. All day axe and hammer are at work demolishing that pleasant, happy home. I saw the roof taken off today, that roof the shelter of which had never been denied to the homeless.” Thus, only the trees remain as witnesses to the loss of the Mason home.

to the streets of Winchester.  One of these trees lost a large limb in 2016 and was sent to me by Mr.  Robert Saunders in early 2017. I met him at Glen Burnie when exiting  that plantation home during a visit there in mid Sept., 2016. He was a security person with an interest in wood working. He sent me several pieces from historic trees in northern Virginia. Undoubtedly, the sycamores witnessed most of the events of the Civil War surrounding Winchester, Va., including the movement of thousands of Union and Confederate troops coming and going as this area was hotly contested. 

The mansion house itself was completed by Nathanial Cheairs in 1855. Its location, just a mile south of Spring Hill and a hundred yards removed from the Colombia Pike, meant it was destined to witness the uncanny events surrounding the skirmishes and battles of Spring Hill, Tn., in late Nov., of 1864. It was here that 30,000 troops of Union General Schofield did a quiet march through the night along the pike, mostly unchallenged by Confederate JB Hood’s army. It was here that Confederate General NB Forest threatened to beat General Hood to within an inch of his life for allowing this massive failure to stop the Union army from marching northward to Nashville. 

that General Hood had breakfast with his commanders and heaped abuse on them with language that that may have  scoured the wallpaper of the mansion. It was here, in the dining room, that Hood outlined his plans for what would be the Battle of Franklin late on Nov 30th. The deadliest in the shortest time frame in the entire war.

This mansion had been occupied by Union soldiers in 1862 and after the battle of Spring Hill it also served as a hospital. There are still blood stains on the floor. Some feel that the house is haunted. I have visited many Civil War site mansions and homes but this is one of the finest. The furniture and many artifacts in the mansion are original and the grounds are exceedingly well kept.

that was originally a part of the same plantation and it too played an important role in the war. Union General Stanley used it as his headquarters during the Spring Hill battle but in May of 1863, Confederate General Earl Van Dorn was murdered by Doc Peters for having a relationship with his wife. Near to the Rippavilla mansion are many witness trees including a massive American beech a magnolia, and a sugar maple. A dead limb of the American beech provided enough wood for a pen which is now part of the collection.

left many, many thousands of the heart-sick, hungry and hurting men in both blue and grey to seek throughout the autumn countryside a place to heal. The ones in blue lingered on the Potomac’s Maryland side. The tattered, famished men in grey made their way to vast fields around Bunker Hill, Virginia, where they had a month to  eat, care for wounds, de-louse, write, or just lay down on that  autumn’s glorious garment. Great organized revivals bathed  spirit-wounds. Home and loved ones became a sweet possession. 

 or so on the staff of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, as commander of Cavalry for the Army of Northern Virginia, who found Adam Stephen Dandridge’s home and 318-acre farm, the already legendary  “Bower,” six short miles from Gen. Stonewall Jackson’s and Robert E. Lee’s chosen grounds for respite and reflection. It appears that Lee, Jackson, and James Longstreet also took repast together at the master’s table there. For years after, those men and  women living “The Bower Moment” have written in their books of those  unforgettable “perfect 25 days,” made possible by the obliging farm/household workforce of some sixty people.  

from which this pen was made was supplied by Mr  Neil Super a wood turner in Shepardstown WVa. He indicated that the oak in the front lawn of the photo is long gone but a few other witness oaks  still survive in the area near  the Bower house. The wood is classic and has no insect or fungal induced damage.